行為

美國教育部關於殘疾學生紀律的新指南。

Empowering families to be active and valued participants in the Individualized Positive Behavior Support Plan (IPBS) is foundational to the Pyramid Model. This set of tips and strategies helps families ensure their values, assets, perspectives, and preferences are included in individualized support for their children.

Una MDR (Determinación de Manifestación) es una reunión que se lleva a cabo para considerar si existe una conexión entre el comportamiento que infringe el código de conducta estudiantil y la discapacidad del niño, cuando un estudiante con un Programa de Educación Individualizado (IEP, por sus siglas en inglés) enfrenta un cambio disciplinario de ubicación, como una suspensión a largo plazo, expulsión o traslado a una escuela alternativa o educación en el hogar.

A MDR is a meeting held to consider if there is a connection between behavior that violates code of student conduct and a child’s disability when a student with an Individualized Education Program* (IEP) is facing a disciplinary change of placement such as long-term suspension, expulsion or move to an alternative school or homebound.

When a student with a disability faces suspension or expulsion that constitutes a change in placement (more than 10 consecutive school days, or a pattern of removals), IDEA requires a Manifestation Determination Review (MDR). The MDR decides if the behavior is linked to the student’s disability or to a failure in IEP implementation. This worksheet gives educators a step-by-step guide, plain-language explanations, scenarios, and templates to navigate this high-stakes process confidently.

The NC START (Systemic Therapeutic Assessment Resources Treatment) program helps people with intellectual/developmental disabilities and complex behavioral needs through crisis response, training, and education. The aim is to build a support system that can address crises within the community. Keeping people in their homes or communities is the focus, with personalized support being a top priority.

NC MTSS 是一個多層次的框架，通過參與、基於研究的學術和行為實踐以及社會情感學習 （SEL） 來促進學校改進。NC MTSS 採用系統方法，使用數據驅動的問題解決，以最大限度地提高所有人都實現的增長。

瞭解從公立學校非正式地將殘疾兒童帶走。

U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

Aquí hay algunas preguntas que los padres pueden hacer en conversaciones o reuniones.

From the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Servies

Schools are required to provide a range of support when a child’s behavior gets in the way of learning. School-wide approaches to behavior apply to all students, and 504 Plans or Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) can provide personalized support and services to students with disabilities. Asking good questions is a strong advocacy skill!

This family handout provides guidance on navigating conversations when receiving news about their child’s behavior. Families can use this resource to find ideas and tips for collaborating with their child’s program and teachers, including specific questions to ask and prompts to start collaborative conversations.

Supporting Students with Disabilities and Avoiding the Discriminatory Use of Student Discipline under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, July 2022

Supporting behavior through connection is a practical resource for families and early childhood practitioners that shifts the focus from compliance to connection. It offers simple, relationship-centered strategies for responding to challenging behavior that help children feel safe, valued, and supported. The resource describes three practices, including examples and prompts, that can be used in everyday routines to build trust and connection with children.

This resource offers guidance on supporting children after stressful events and includes strategies for families and caregivers to create safety and predictability through routines, clear communication, and emotional connection.

早期護理和學習教育者可以使用以下策略和補充資源連結，通過減少行為失調來預防，並在發生具有挑戰性的非語言交流時通過發展支援來做出反應。

From the U.S. Department of Education - Using Functional Behavioral Assessments to Create Supportive Learning Environments, guidance to help schools and early childhood programs better support students’ behavioral needs. This guidance focuses on evidence-based practices to support students, with or without disabilities, whose behavior interferes with learning, and is part of the Department’s effort to reduce exclusionary discipline.  

PBIS 既是以人為中心，也是基於研究的行為方法，專注於在學校、家庭和社區中教授我們想要看到的行為。

比較昨天的傳統行為管理與今天的積極行為支援 ... ...